Research speed reading in 2021. Synthetic Route of 19771-63-2, Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. In a document type is Article, and a compound is mentioned, 19771-63-2, (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, introducing its new discovery.
We have recently observed that S-(2-hydroxyethylmercapto)-L-cysteine (L-CySSME), the mixed disulfide of L-cysteine and 2-mercaptoethanol, prevented cataracts induced in mice by acetaminophen (ACP) by functioning as a prodrug of L-cysteine and protecting the liver. This prompted the evaluation of the more lipophilic N-acetyl (Ac-CySSME) and ethyl ester (Et-CySSME) derivatives of L-CySSME as proprodrug forms, as well as the “D” enantiomer, as hepatoprotective agents. Serum ALT levels were measured at 24 hours after a toxic but nonlethal dose of ACP that insured 48 hour survival of the animals. Since the increases in ALT produced were highly variable (even after log transformation) and complicated the statistical analyses, we calculated confidence intervals for the mean ALT levels for each treatment group. This enabled comparisons to be made of the efficacy of L-CySSME as well as Ac-CySSME and Et-CySSME with other representative prodrugs of L-cysteine, namely, 2(RS)-methylthiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid (MTCA), L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTCA), and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), in protecting the liver. It was shown that L-CySSME and MTCA administered intraperitoneally at 2.5 mmol/kg were superior to the other cysteine prodrugs at equimolar doses in protecting mice from hepatotoxicity elicited by a 400 mg/kg (2.65 mmol/kg) dose of ACP given i.p. 30 minutes prior to the prodrugs. The “D” form of CySSME was totally without protective effect. Oral doses of the prodrugs even at 2x the i.p. dose were less effective, although MTCA was the most protective.
We’ll also look at important developments in the pharmaceutical industry because understanding organic chemistry is important in understanding health, medicine, the role of 19771-63-2, and how the biochemistry of the body works.Synthetic Route of 19771-63-2
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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H681N | ChemSpider