Synthetic Route of 19771-63-2, The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.19771-63-2, Name is (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, molecular formula is C4H5NO3S. In a Review£¬once mentioned of 19771-63-2
Antioxidants and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Antioxidants represent an attractive therapeutic avenue for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoke, the major cause of COPD, contains very high concentrations of gaseous and soluble oxidants that can directly induce cell injury and death. Furthermore, particulate matter in cigarette smoke activates lung macrophages that subsequently attract neutrophils. Both neutrophils and macrophages from the lungs of cigarette smokers continuously release large amounts of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide through the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex. Once individuals with COPD stop smoking, the neutrophilic inflammation in the airways and lung parenchyma persists, as do the markers of oxidative stress. Several animal models of cigarette smoke-induced injury have provided evidence that various antioxidants may prevent inflammation and morphological changes associated with COPD however, evidence of benefit in patients is less abundant. Although oxidants can inactivate alpha-1 antitrypsin and other protective proteins, damage lung tissue, and increase mucus production, they also are essential for killing pathogens and resolving inflammation. This review will examine the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of a role for antioxidants in the therapy of patients with COPD.
A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 19771-63-2
Reference£º
Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H698N | ChemSpider