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Hemisynthesis, crystal structure and inhibitory effect of sesquiterpenic thiosemicarbazones and thiazolidin-4-ones on the corrosion behaviour of stainless steel in 1 M H2SO4 solution

Treatment of thiosemicarbazones prepared from sesquiterpenes with ethyl 2-bromoacetate in the presence of sodium acetate afforded the corresponding thiazolidin-4-ones. The structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were established by considering spectral and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The title compound, ethyl 2-((Z)-2-{(Z)-[(1aR,5aR,9aS)-1,1-dichloro-1a, 5,5,7-tetramethyl-1a, 2,3,4,5,5a, 8,9-octahydro-1H-benzo[a] cyclopropa[b][7]annulen-8-ylidene]hydrazono}-4-oxothiazolidin-3-yl) acetate, C23H31Cl2N3O3S, 5, crystallizes in the orthorhombic noncentrosymmetric space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with Z = 4. Within the molecule in the crystal structure, the cyclohexene ring has an envelope conformation and the cycloheptane ring, to which it is fused, has a boat conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C-H center dot center dot center dot Cl hydrogen bonds forming chains propagating along the b-axis direction. The absolute configuration of the molecule in the crystal could be fully confirmed from anomalous dispersion effects [Flack parameter = -0.04 (2)]. Thiosemicarbazones 1 and 2 are efficient inhibitors for steel corrosion in 1 M H2SO4 solution, with a maximum efficiency of 92.28% at 10(-3) M. Furthermore, thiosemicarbazone compounds were found to be more efficient than thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. In addition, cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize the tested molecules, as well to estimate the experimental value of the energy band gap.

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Reference:
Thiazolidine – Wikipedia,
,Thiazolidine – ScienceDirect.com

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Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Thiazacridine Derivatives Reveals New Selective Molecules to Hematopoietic Neoplastic Cells

Aim and Objective: Cancer has become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Limitations associated with existing agents increase the need to develop more effective anticancer drugs to improve the therapeutic arsenal available. The aim of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the antiproliferative effects of three new thiazacridine derivatives. Material and Methods: Using a three steps synthesis reaction, three novel thiazacridine derivatives were obtained and characterized: (Z)-5-acridin-9-ylmethylene-3-(4-methyl-benzyl)-4-thioxo-thiazo-lidin-2- one (LPSF/AC-99), (Z)-5-acridin-9-ylmethylene-3-(4-chloro-benzyl)-4-thioxo-thiazolidin-2-one (LPSF/AC-119)and(Z)-5-acridin-9-ylmethylene-3-(3-chloro-benzyl)-4-thioxo-thiazolidin-2-one (LPSF/AC-129). Toxicity and selectivity assays were performed by colorimetric assay. Then, changes in cell cycle and cell death induction mechanisms were assessed by flow cytometry. Results: All compounds exhibited cytotoxicity to Raji ( Burkitt’s lymphoma) and Jurkat (acute T cell leukemia) cells, where LPSF/AC-119 showed best IC50 values (0.6 and 1.53 mu M, respectively). LPSF/AC-129 was the only cytotoxic compound in glioblastoma cell line NG97 (IC50 = 55.77 mu M). None of the compounds were toxic to normal human cells and induced neoplastic cell death primarily by apoptosis. Conclusion: All derivatives were more cytotoxic to hematopoietic neoplastic cells when compared to solid tumor derived cells. All three compounds are promising for in vivo and combination therapy studies against cancer.

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Reference:
Thiazolidine – Wikipedia,
,Thiazolidine – ScienceDirect.com

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Synthesis of tetracyclic iminosugars fused benzo[e][1,3]thiazin-4-one and their HIV-RT inhibitory activity

Several aza-C-pseudonucleosides bearing 1,3-benzothiazin-4-one (6 and 7) were prepared by the one-pot three-component condensation from the iminosugar aldehyde 3, amino acid ethyl/methyl ester hydrochlorides 4(a-c), and 2-mercaptobenzoic acid 5. After removal of Boc and the isopropylidene groups, the target novel tetracyclic iminosugars fused benzo[e][1,3]thiazin-4-one 1(a-c) and 2(a-b) were first afforded by the intramolecular cyclo-amidation reaction. Their structures were determined by their H-1, C-13 NMR, and HRMS (ESI) spectra and X-ray. The tetracyclic iminosugars 1(a-c) and 2(a-b) were examined for their HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitory activities. The result showed that all compounds could effectively inhibit RT activity. Among them, compound 2a was the best one with the IC50 value of RT inhibitory activity of 0.82 mu M. Structure-activity relationship analysis suggested that 1’R configuration in the tetracyclic azasugars was of benefit to their anti-HIV RT activity. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Reference:
Thiazolidine – Wikipedia,
,Thiazolidine – ScienceDirect.com

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Aryl quinolinyl hydrazone derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents that inhibit TLR4 activation in the macrophages

A series of aryl 7-chloroquinolinyl hydrazone derivatives (3a-u) have been synthesized in 55-76% yield using simple reaction condition. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities based on their ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from the macrophages after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Three compounds appeared as promising anti-inflammatory agents. The mechanism of inflammatory activity of the potent compound 3e was further investigated using a series of biochemical, molecular and microscopic techniques. Further structure activity relationship (SAR) study was carried out to validate the anti-inflammatory activities of the active compounds. Our experimental data revealed that the active moiety i.e. compound 3e majorly causes inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway and this appears to be the novel functional attribute of this compound.

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Reference:
Thiazolidine – Wikipedia,
,Thiazolidine – ScienceDirect.com

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Design and synthesis of new drugs inhibitors of Candida albicans hyphae and biofilm formation by upregulating the expression of TUP1 transcription repressor gene

Candida albicans is a common human fungal pathogen that causes disease ranging from superficial to lethal infections. C. albicans grows as budding yeast which can transform into hyphae in response to various environmental or biological stimuli. Although both forms have been associated with virulence, the hyphae form is responsible for the formation of multi-drug resistance biofilm. Here, new compounds were designed to selectively inhibit C. albicans hyphae formation without affecting human cells to afford sufficient safety. The newly designed 5-[3-substitued-4-(4-substituedbenzyloxy)-benzylidene]-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives, named SR, showed very specific and effective inhibition activity against C. albicans hyphae formation. SR compounds caused hyphae inhibition activity at concentrations 10-40 fold lower than the concentration required to inhibit Candida yeast and bacterial growths. The anti-hyphae inhibition activities of SR compounds were via activation of the hyphae transcription repressor gene, TUP1. Correlation studies between the expression of TUP1 gene and the activity of SR compounds confirmed that the anti-C. albicans activities of SR compounds were via inhibition of hyphae formation. The newly designed SR compounds showed 10-40% haemolytic activity on human erythrocytes when compared to 100% haemolysis by 0.1% triton employed as positive control. Furthermore, theoretical prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) of SR compounds confirmed their safety, efficient metabolism and possible oral bioavailability. With the minimal toxicity and significant activity of the newly-designed SR compounds, a future optimization of pharmaceutical formulation may develop a promising inhibitor of hyphal formation not only for C. albicans but also for other TUP1- dependent dimorphic fungal infections.

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Reference:
Thiazolidine – Wikipedia,
,Thiazolidine – ScienceDirect.com

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Chemistry is the experimental and theoretical study of materials on their properties at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. 85-42-7, Name is Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, molecular formula is C8H10O3. In an article, author is Singh, Ashok Kumar,once mentioned of 85-42-7, Formula: C8H10O3.

Design and microwave facilitated green synthesis of 2-[4-(3-carboxymethyl, methoxy carbonylmethyl-2,4-dioxo and 4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-5-ylidenemethyl)-phenoxy]-2 and 3-methyl propionic acid ethyl ester derivatives: a novel structural class of antidyslipidemic agents

An interesting hybrid molecular framework comprising of benzylidenethiazolidin-4-one, chalcone and fibrate was designed and synthesized (BRF1-12) in order to develop safe and efficacious compounds for the treatment of dyslipidemia, and related complications such as atherosclerosis. The synthesized derivatives were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral studies and evaluated for their antihyperlipidemic potential, using in vivo and in silico methods. All the synthesized compounds exhibited promising antidyslipidemic activity comparable to, and sometimes better than that of, the standard drug-fenofibrate at the tested dose of 30 mg/kg body weight. The most active compounds of the series, BRF4 and BRF6, demonstrated significant antidyslipidemic profile by lowering low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride and increasing the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, thereby decreasing the atherogenic index. Overall, these effects of BRF4 and BRF6 were found to be more potent than fenofibrate, in lipid lowering activity and reducing atherogenic index. Structure-activity relationship studies conclusively established that the presence of N-acetic acid methyl ester at 3rd position of the thiazolidin-4-one nucleus, and a C-3 fibric acid moiety at benzene nucleus were instrumental for enhanced biological activity. The binding mode of benzylidenethiazolidin-4-one fibrate class of compounds, showing crucial hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking interactions with the key amino acid residues Phe118, His440, and Tyr464 at the active site of PPAR alpha receptor, was assessed by molecular docking studies.

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Reference:
Thiazolidine – Wikipedia,
,Thiazolidine – ScienceDirect.com

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Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 85-42-7, Name is Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, molecular formula is C8H10O3, belongs to thiazolidines compound. In a document, author is Abdullaha, Mohd, introduce the new discover, Category: thiazolidines.

Discovery of benzo[cd]indol-2-one and benzylidene-thiazolidine-2,4-dione as new classes of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors via ER-beta structure based virtual screening

The structure-guided virtual screening (VS) has proved to be successful strategy in identification of new scaffolds for biological targets. The overactivity of NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in variety of inflammatory diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. The up-regulation of estrogen-receptor beta (ER-beta) activity has been directly linked with inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activity. In the present study, we report discovery of new NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors via ER-beta crystal structure (PDB: 5TOA) guided virtual screening of 20,000 compound library. For experimental validation, top 10 ligands were selected based on structure novelty, docking score, prime MMGB/SA binding affinity and interaction pattern analysis. Amongst the tested compounds, three thiazolidin-4-ones IIIM-1268, IIIM-1269 and IIIM-1270 and benzo[cd]indol-2-one IIIM-1266 have shown 73, 69, 75 and 77% suppression of IL-1 beta release in mouse macrophages (J774A.1 cells) at 10 mu M. Benzylidene-thiazolidine-2,4-diones IIIM-1268 and IIIM-1270 inhibited IL-1 beta release with IC50 of 2.3 and 3.5 mu M and also significantly decreased the protein expression level of mature form of IL-1 beta in western-blot analysis. IIIM-1266 and IIIM-1270 displayed bidentate H-bonding with Arg 346 and Glu 305 residues in the active site of ER-beta; and they also strongly occupied the ADP-binding site of NLRP3 protein. The results presented herein, indicate that ER-beta guided VS can be successfully used to identify new NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, which may have potential in the development of novel anti-Alzheimer agents.

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Reference:
Thiazolidine – Wikipedia,
,Thiazolidine – ScienceDirect.com

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Novel 4/3-((4-oxo-5-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)thiazolidin-2-ylidene) amino) benzenesulfonamides: Synthesis, carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity, anticancer activity and molecular modelling studies

Herein we report the synthesis of two series of novel 4/3-((4-oxo-5-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)thiazolidin-2-ylidene)amino)benzenesulfonamides (4a-m and 7a-g). All the newly prepared sulfonamides were in vitro investigated as inhibitors of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms hCA I, II, IV and IX, using a stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay. In particular, hCA isoforms II and IX (tumor associated) were more susceptible to inhibition by the synthesized derivatives, with K(1)s in the range of 2.6-598.2 nM for hCA II, and of 16.1-321 nM for hCA IX. All compounds (4a-m and 7a-g) were evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity against breast cancer MCF-7 and colorectal cancer Caco-2 cell lines. Compound 4c was found to be the most potent derivative against MCF-7 (IC50 = 3.96 +/- 0.21 mu M), while 4j was the most active member against Caco-2 cells (IC50 = 5.87 +/- 0.37 mu M). Compound 4c induced the intrinsic apoptotic mitochondrial pathway in MCF-7 cells; evidenced by the enhanced expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and the reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bc1-2, and the up regulated active caspase-9 and caspase-3 levels. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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Reference:
Thiazolidine – Wikipedia,
,Thiazolidine – ScienceDirect.com

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One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 85-42-7, Name is Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, formurla is C8H10O3. In a document, author is Constantin, Sandra, introducing its new discovery. Category: thiazolidines.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of the new 1,3-dimethylxanthine derivatives with thiazolidine-4-one scaffold

Background: The xanthine structure has proved to be an important scaffold in the process of developing a wide variety of biologically active molecules such as bronchodilator, hypoglycemiant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents. It is known that hyperglycemia generates reactive oxygen species which are involved in the progression of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Therefore, the development of new compounds with antioxidant activity could be an important therapeutic strategy against this metabolic syndrome. Results: New thiazolidine-4-one derivatives with xanthine structure have been synthetized as potential antidiabetic drugs. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by using spectral methods (FT-IR, H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR, F-19-NMR, HRMS). Their antioxidant activity was evaluated using in vitro assays: DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability and phosphomolybdenum reducing antioxidant power assay. The developed compounds showed improved antioxidant effects in comparison to the parent compound, theophylline. In the case of both series, the intermediate (5a-k) and final compounds (6a-k), the aromatic substitution, especially in para position with halogens (fluoro, chloro), methyl and methoxy groups, was associated with an increase of the antioxidant effects. Conclusions: For several thiazolidine-4-one derivatives the antioxidant effect of was superior to that of their corresponding hydrazone derivatives. The most active compound was 6f which registered the highest radical scavenging activity.

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Design, Synthesis and Anti-HIV-Reverse Transcriptase Activity of Novel Diaryl Thiazolindin-4-one Derivatives Possessing Amide Linkage on N-3 Position

A series of thiazolidin-4-one derivatives possessing ester were synthesized under microwave irradiation using amino acid ester as starting material. After ester hydrolysis reaction and amide condensation reaction, the aimed diaryl thiazolindin-4-one derivatives possessing amide linkage on N-3 position were obtained. The compounds were evaluated for their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitory activities in vitro HIV-1 RT kit assay (colorimetric method). The results showed that some of the compounds, such as 5bb, 5bc, 5cb, and 5cc could effectively inhibit RT activity with the IC50 values of 4.15, 3.53, 4.61 and 4.06 mu mol/L, respectively. Structure activity relationship analysis of these analogues suggested that the introduction of two carbons side chain on N-3 position and lipophilic group like methyl group should be favorable to their anti-HIV-RT activitives.

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Reference:
Thiazolidine – Wikipedia,
,Thiazolidine – ScienceDirect.com