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QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) relate biological activity data along with the physiochemical and structural properties of a group of compounds. In general, most of the medicinal compounds involve heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen and sulphur especially thiazolidinones they possess a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. In the present study, we have carried out the QSAR studies of antimicrobial thiazolidinones using Hansch analysis. The results of QSAR studies indicated that the antimicrobial activity of thiazolidinones are mainly governed by the topological parameters, kiers 3rd order alpha shape index (kappa alpha 3) and second order valence connectivity index (2chinu) along with the lipophilic parameter, log of octanol water partition coefficient (log P).

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Background: Medicinal interest has focused on beta-carbolines as anticancer agents. Methodology/Results: Several beta-carbolines were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and A-549 cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Compounds 13a, 13c, 13d and 20a were the most promising showing high selectivity indices. Compounds 13c and 20a showed potent inhibition of topoisomerase (topo-I) and kinesin spindle protein (KSP/Eg5 ATPase) which was confirmed by their docking results into the active site of both enzymes. In silico physicochemical calculations predicted that compounds 13a, 13d and 20a obeyed Lipinski’s rule of five. Conclusion: Compounds 13c and 20a are multitarget anticancer leads that act as potent inhibitors for both topo-I and/or KSP ATPase.

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Genetic iron-overload disorders, mainly hereditary hemochromatosis and untransfused beta-thalassemia, affect a large population worldwide. The primary etiology of iron overload in these diseases is insufficient production of hepcidin by the liver, leading to excessive intestinal iron absorption and iron efflux from macrophages. Hepcidin agonists would therefore be expected to ameliorate iron overload in hereditary hemochromatosis and beta-thalassemia. In the current study, we screened our synthetic library of 210 thiazolidinone compounds and identified three thiazolidinone compounds, 93, 156 and 165, which stimulated hepatic hepcidin production. In a hemochromatosis mouse model with hemochromatosis deficiency, the three compounds prevented the development of iron overload and elicited iron redistribution from the liver to the spleen. Moreover, these compounds also greatly ameliorated iron overload and mitigated ineffective erythropoiesis in beta-thalassemic mice. Compounds 93, 156 and 165 acted by promoting SMAD1/5/8 signaling through differentially repressing ERK1/2 phosphorylation and decreasing transmembrane protease serine 6 activity. Additionally, compounds 93, 156 and 165 targeted erythroid regulators to strengthen hepcidin expression. Therefore, our hepcidin agonists induced hepcidin expression synergistically through a direct action on hepatocytes via SMAD1/5/8 signaling and an indirect action via eythroid cells. By increasing hepcidin production, thiazolidinone compounds may provide a useful alternative for the treatment of iron-overload disorders.

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4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD, EC 1.13.11.27) is an important target site for discovering new bleaching herbicides. To explore novel HPPD inhibitors with excellent herbicidal activity, a series of novel N-aroyl diketone/triketone derivatives were rationally designed by splicing active groups and bioisosterism. Bioassays revealed that most of these derivatives displayed preferable herbicidal activity against Echinochloa crus-galli (EC) at 0.045 mmol/m2 and Abutilon juncea (AJ) at 0.090 mmol/m2. In particular, compound I-f was more potent compared to the commercialized compound mesotrione. Molecular docking indicated that the corresponding active molecules of target compounds and mesotrione shared similar interplay with surrounding residues, which led to a perfect interaction with the active site of Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD.

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The gonadotropin receptors LH receptor and FSH receptor play a central role in governing reproductive competency/fertility. Gonadotropin hormone analogs have been used clinically for decades in assisted reproductive therapies and in the treatment of various infertility disorders. Though these treatments are effective, the clinical protocols demand multiple injections, and the hormone preparations can lack uniformity and stability. The past two decades have seen a drive to develop chimeric and modified peptide analogs with more desirable pharmacokinetic profiles, with some displaying clinical efficacy, such as corifollitropin alfa, which is now in clinical use. More recently, low-molecular-weight, orally active molecules with activity at gonadotropin receptors have been developed. Some have excellent characteristics in animals and in human studies but have not reached the market-largely as a result of acquisitions by large pharma. Nonetheless, such molecules have the potential to mitigate risks currently associated with gonadotropin-based fertility treatments, such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and the demands of injection-based therapies. There is also scope for novel use beyond the current remit of gonadotropin analogs in fertility treatments, including application as novel contraceptives; in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome; in the restoration of function to inactivating mutations of gonadotropin receptors; in the treatment of ovarian and prostate cancers; and in the prevention of bone loss and weight gain in postmenopausal women. Here we review the properties and clinical application of current gonadotropin preparations and their analogs, as well as the development of novel orally active, small-molecule nonpeptide analogs.

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In the present study novel derivatives of 4-thiazolidinone were prepared from biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against two Gram negative strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two Gram positive strains (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal strain Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and C, H, N analyses. The results revealed that all synthesized compounds have a significant biological activity against the tested microorganisms. Among the synthesized derivatives 4g (biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid [2-(3-bromophenyl)-5-(3-nitrobenzylidene)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-amide) and 4i (biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid [5-(3-bromobenzylidene)-2-(3-bromophenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-amide) were found to be most effective antimicrobial compounds.

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Chemistry involves the study of all things, chemical manipulation – in order to better understand the way in which materials are structured, how they change and how they react in certain situations. In a patent, 2682-49-7, name is Thiazolidin-2-one, introducing its new discovery. Electric Literature of 2682-49-7

The antioxidants are proving crucial tools in the exploration of oxidant stress-related diabetic pathologies and despite the noticeable prospective merit of the safety and efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in any future treatment remains to be conventional. The development of innovative methods for the synthesis of five-member heterocyclic compounds is an ever-expanding area in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. Specifically, those containing the thiazolidinedione ring have been expansively used as key building blocks for synthesizing various drugs. In present study we endeavor to display a more chemically versatile and diverse thiazolidin-4-one derivatives as a suitable pharmacophore for antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) on cell lines and free radical scavenging activity by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil) assay method and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Finally, all tested compounds exhibited a talented antioxidant activity. In addition, all the synthesized derivatives showed non-toxic effects against a diseased human lung fibroblast (COPD), HCC7231 (TACC CCL-96). In prospect study, the movement of the compounds may be manipulated by optimizing a lead molecule by introducing un-saturation or heterocyclic ring at C5 of thiazolidinediones. The outcomes of such studies may be positive for the clinical applications in humans and may open up a new therapeutic avenue.

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The biggest and most multifaceted class of organic compounds includes heterocyclic compounds. Currently, several heterocyclic compounds are iden-tified, and persistently gratefulness to tremendous synthetic work and synthetic usefulness, the number is increasing exponentially. In most fields of science, including medicinal, pharmaceutical, and agro-chemistry, heterocyclic compounds have a function, and biochemistry is also another area. In this research article, the green approach is administered for achieving the nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur centered five-membered heterocyclic derivatives. By taking the whole thing in to account of hetero-chemistry, the moderately effective analog for gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains was shown for the five-membered heterocyclic compound series of N-substituted iminothiazodine-4-one and N-(benzylideneamino)thiazol-4(5H). Throughout the synthesized series of the compound 6c revealed very much active potent against the gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterial strain and the compound 6b point out moderately active against the gram-positive Bacillus subtilis bacteria strains in accordance with the standard drug. The 5a and 6a compounds showed very strong activity against the fungal strain of Candida albicans and 6b as well as 6c were more active and highly potent than the standard drugs against Aspergillus niger species. In the view of this research drive states that all the synthesized compounds might be used for the development for further heterocyclic entities.

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Background: Many heterocyclic compounds containing thiazole or 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring in their skeletons have been reported to possess various pharmacological activities especially anticancer activities. Results: 4-Methyl-2-phenylthiazole-5-carbohydrazide (2) was used as a synthon to prepare 2-(4-methyl-2-phenylthiazole-5-carbonyl)-N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (3) and 2-(2-(4-methyl-2-phenylthiazole-5-carbonyl)hydrazono)-N’-phenylpropane hydrazonoyl chlorides 5a-c. In addition, thioamide 3 was used as starting material for preparation of a new series of thiadiazole derivatives via its reaction with hydrazonoyl chlorides 5a-c in dioxane using triethylamines as catalyst. In addition, a series of thiazole derivatives was synthesized by reaction of thioamide 3 with a number of alpha-halo compounds, namely, 3-chloropentane-2,4-dione (8) or 2-chloro-3-oxo-N-phenyl butanamide (10) phenacyl bromide 12 ethyl chloroacetate (14) in EtOH in the presence of triethylamine. The structures assigned for all the new products were elucidated based on both elemental analyses and spectral data and the mechanisms of their formation was also discussed. Moreover, the new products was evaluated in vitro by MTT assays for their anticancer activity against cell lines of Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG-2). The best result observed for compounds 7b (IC50 = 1.61 ± 1.92 (mug/mL)) and 11 (IC50 = 1.98 ± 1.22 (mug/mL)). The structure-activity relationships have been suggested based on their anticancer results. Conclusions: A novel series of new pharmacophores containing thiazole moiety have been synthesized using a facile and convenient methods and evaluated as potent anticancer agents.

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Glucosinolates are found in plants of the order Brassicales and hydrolyzed to different breakdown products, particularly after tissue damage. In Barbarea vulgaris R.Br. (Brassicaceae), the dominant glucosinolate in the investigated ?G-type? is glucobarbarin, (S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethylglucosinolate. Formation of the nitrile from glucobarbarin was observed in vitro, while a previously suggested thioamide (synonym thionamide) was not confirmed. Resedine (5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one) was detected after glucobarbarin hydrolysis in crushed B. vulgaris leaves and siliques, but not in intact parts. The abundance increased for several hours after completion of hydrolysis. The corresponding 1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione (OAT), with the common name barbarin, was also formed, and appeared to be the precursor of resedine. Addition of each of two non-endogenous OATs, (S)-5-ethyl-5-methylOAT and (R)-5-vinylOAT (R-goitrin), to a leaf homogenate resulted in formation of the corresponding 1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones (OAOs), confirming the metabolic connection of OAT to OAO. Formation of OAOs was inhibited by prior brief heating of the homogenate, suggesting enzyme involvement. We suggest the conversion of OATs to OAOs to be catalyzed by an enzyme (?oxazolidinethionase?) responsible for turnover of OAT formed in intact plants. Resedine had been reported as an alkaloid from another species – Reseda luteola L. (Resedaceae) – naturally containing the glucosinolate glucobarbarin. However, resedine was not detected in intact R. luteola plants, but formed after tissue damage. The formation of resedine in two families suggests a broad distribution of putative OATases in the Brassicales; potentially involved in glucosinolate turnover that needs myrosinase activity as the committed step. In agreement with the proposed function of OATase, several candidate genes for myrosinases in glucosinolate turnover in intact plants were discovered in the B. vulgaris genome. We also suggest that biotechnological conversion of OATs to OAOs might improve the nutritional value of Brassicales protein. HPLC-MS/MS methods for detection of these glucobarbarin products are described.

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