Category: 19771-63-2

An article , which mentions 19771-63-2, molecular formula is C4H5NO3S. The compound – (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid played an important role in people’s production and life., 19771-63-2

Nutrition and immunity in elderly

Aging is associated with increase in chronic disease as well as infections and associated morbidity. This is often throughout to be secondary immunosenescene. Whether this decline in immune function with aging is due to the aging process per Se or is secondary to poor health, inflammation, and other life style factors particularly suboptimal nutritional status. With aging a variety of changes are observed in the immune system, which translate into less effective innate and adaptive immune responses and increased susceptibility to infections. Antioxidant vitamins and trace elements [vitamins C, E, selenium, copper and zinc] counteract potential damage caused by reactive oxygen species to cellular tissues and modulate immune cell function through regulation of redox-sensitive transcription factors and affect production of cytokines and prostaglandins. Adequate intake of vitamins B[6], folate, B[12], C,E, and of selenium, Zn, copper and iron supports a Th I cytokine-mediated immune response with sufficient production of proinflammatory cytokine. Vitamin A and D play important roles in both cell mediated and humoral antibody response. Nutrient supplementation is often accompanied by an improvement in immune function.

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H661N | ChemSpider

19771-63-2, Name is (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, belongs to thiazolidine compound, is a common compound. 19771-63-2In an article, authors is Barditch-Crovo, Patricia, once mentioned the new application about 19771-63-2.

A phase I/II evaluation of oral L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in asymptomatic patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus

A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 37 asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals (mean CD4 count 707 cells/mm3) to characterize the safety, pharmacokinetics, and effect on blood thiols of three dosage levels of a cysteine prodrug, L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC; Procysteine; Clintec Technologies, Deerfield, IL). Single-dose administration of OTC resulted in measurable plasma levels at all dosages, with a mean peak plasma concentration of 734 ¡À 234 nmol/mL at the highest dosage studied. After 4 weeks of administration three times daily, a statistically significant increase was seen in whole blood glutathione in the 1,500 mg and 3,000 mg dose groups compared with the placebo group. A significant increase in whole blood cysteine and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) glutathione was not seen during the study period.

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H650N | ChemSpider

An article , which mentions 19771-63-2, molecular formula is C4H5NO3S. The compound – (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid played an important role in people’s production and life., 19771-63-2

Synthesis and characterization of brain penetrant prodrug of neuroprotective D-264: Potential therapeutic application in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the major debilitating neurodegenerative disorders affecting millions of people worldwide. Progressive loss of dopamine neurons resulting in development of motor dysfunction and other related non-motor symptoms is the hallmark of PD. Previously, we have reported on the neuroprotective property of a potent D3 preferring agonist D-264. In our goal to increase the bioavailability of D-264 in the brain, we have synthesized a modified cysteine based prodrug of D-264 and evaluated its potential in crossing the blood-brain barrier. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel modified cysteine conjugated prodrug of potent neuroprotective D3 preferring agonist D-264 and systematic evaluation of the hydrolysis pattern of the prodrug to yield D-264 at different time intervals in rat plasma and brain homogenates using HPLC analysis. Furthermore, we have also performed in vivo experiments with the prodrug to evaluate its enhanced brain penetration ability.

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H657N | ChemSpider

19771-63-2, Name is (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, belongs to thiazolidine compound, is a common compound. 19771-63-2In an article, authors is Atkinson, once mentioned the new application about 19771-63-2.

The use of N-acetylcysteine in intensive care

Objective: To review the actions and clinical use of serum N-acetylcysteine in the critically ill patient. Data sources: A review of articles published on the mechanisms of action and clinical use of N-acetylcysteine. Summary of review: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an amino acid with a MW of 163.2. It acts as an antioxidant, both directly as a glutathione substitute and indirectly as a precursor for glutathione. It also causes vasodilation by increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels, inhibits platelet aggregation, acts as a sulphydryl donor to regenerate endothelial-derived relaxing factor and reduces IL-8 and TNF-alpha production. While there is evidence for its effectiveness as an antidote to paracetamol poisoning, its use in other disorders has only experimental or anecdotal support. For example, in hepatic failure, there are few studies in man showing improved outcome following NAC therapy. There is also conflicting evidence for the use of NAC in sepsis or ARDS and while there is some evidence to suggest that NAC may be of benefit in acute myocardial infarction, the patient numbers are small. It may also be of use in ameliorating nitrate tolerance. It is also possible that NAC may confer benefit in reducing the risks of radiographic contrast nephropathy, although the study suggesting this was probably insufficiently powered to review all patient subsets (e.g. diabetics). N-acetylcysteine would also appear to enhance T cell function in HIV infected patients. However, the use of NAC for immunomodulation in HIV patients has not yet undergone prospective randomised controlled trials and therefore cannot be recommended as routine therapy in HIV infected, or other immune deficient, patients. There is currently insufficient evidence to propose NAC for the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning. Whilst there is experimental evidence for a variety of novel roles for NAC, further clinical studies are required before it can be recommended for the routine management of any disorders other than that of paracetamol poisoning. Conclusions: N-acetylcysteine has antioxidant properties that may be useful in many clinical conditions. Currently, however, it can only be recommended as therapy for paracetamol poisoning, in all other disorders it is still under evaluation.

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H649N | ChemSpider

19771-63-2, In an article, published in an article,authors is Brasnjevic, Ivona, once mentioned the application of 19771-63-2, Name is (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid,molecular formula is C4H5NO3S, is a conventional compound. this article was the specific content is as follows.

Delivery of peptide and protein drugs over the blood-brain barrier

Peptide and protein (P/P) drugs have been identified as showing great promises for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. A major challenge in this regard, however, is the delivery of P/P drugs over the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Intense research over the last 25 years has enabled a better understanding of the cellular and molecular transport mechanisms at the BBB, and several strategies for enhanced P/P drug delivery over the BBB have been developed and tested in preclinical and clinical-experimental research. Among them, technology-based approaches (comprising functionalized nanocarriers and liposomes) and pharmacological strategies (such as the use of carrier systems and chimeric peptide technology) appear to be the most promising ones. This review combines a comprehensive overview on the current understanding of the transport mechanisms at the BBB with promising selected strategies published so far that can be applied to facilitate enhanced P/P drug delivery over the BBB.

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H653N | ChemSpider

Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics.In a document type is Article, the author is Gallorini, Marialucia and a compound is mentioned, 19771-63-2, (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, introducing its new discovery. 19771-63-2

Activation of the Nrf2-regulated antioxidant cell response inhibits HEMA-induced oxidative stress and supports cell viability

Oxidative stress due to increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in target cells of dental resin monomers like 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is a major mechanism underlying the disturbance of vital cell functions including mineralization and differentiation, responses of the innate immune system, and the induction of cell death via apoptosis. Although a shift in the equilibrium between cell viability and apoptosis is related to the non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in HEMA-exposed cells, the major mechanisms of adaptive antioxidant cell responses to maintain cellular redox homeostasis are still unknown. The present study provides insight into the induction of a communicating network of pathways under the control of the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2, a major transcriptional activator of genes coding for enzymatic antioxidants. Here, oxidative stress was indicated by DCF fluorescence in cells after a short exposure (1h) to HEMA, while DHR123 fluorescence significantly increased about 1.8-fold after a long exposure period (24h) showing the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The corresponding expression of Nrf2 was activated immediately after HEMA exposure (1h) and remained constant up to 24h. Nrf2-regulated expression of enzymes of the glutathione metabolism (glutathione peroxidase 1/2, glutathione reductase) decreased in HEMA-exposed cells as a result of GSH depletion, and superoxide dismutase expression was downregulated after H2O2 overproduction. However, the expression of Nrf2-controlled enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin 1, thioredoxin reductase, heme oxygenase-1) and the NADPH-regenerating system (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, transaldolase) was increased. Phenolic tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a classic inducer of the Nrf2 pathway, reduced oxidative stress and protected cells from HEMA-induced cell death through a shift in the number of cells in necrosis to apoptosis. The expression of Nrf2 and related enzymatic antioxidants downstream was enhanced by tBHQ in parallel. In conclusion, this investigation expanded the detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms of HEMA-induced oxidative stress, and highlighted the cross-talk and interdependence between various Nrf2-regulated antioxidant pathways as a major adaptive cell response. The current results demonstrate that modulation of the Nrf2-mediated cellular defense response is an effective means for manipulating the sensitivity of cells to dental resin monomers.

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H663N | ChemSpider

19771-63-2, The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.19771-63-2, Name is (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, molecular formula is C4H5NO3S. In a Article, authors is Simet, Samantha M.£¬once mentioned of 19771-63-2

Dietary antioxidants prevent alcohol-induced ciliary dysfunction

Previously we have shown that chronic alcohol intake causes alcohol-induced ciliary dysfunction (AICD), leading to non-responsive airway cilia. AICD likely occurs through the downregulation of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases, protein kinase G (PKG) and protein kinase A (PKA). Studies by others have shown that dietary supplementation with the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and procysteine prevent other alcohol-induced lung complications. This led us to hypothesize that dietary supplementation with NAC or procysteine prevents AICD. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 mice drank an alcohol/water solution (20% w/v) ad libitum for 6 weeks and were concurrently fed dietary supplements of either NAC or procysteine. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured in mice tracheas, and PKG/PKA responsiveness to beta-agonists and NOx levels were measured from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Long-term alcohol drinking reduced CBF, PKG and PKA responsiveness to beta-agonists, and lung NOx levels in BAL fluid. In contrast, alcohol-drinking mice fed NAC or procysteine sustained ciliary function and PKG and PKA responsiveness to beta-agonists. However, BAL NO levels remained low despite antioxidant supplementation. We also determined that removal of alcohol from the drinking water for as little as 1 week restored ciliary function, but not PKG and PKA responsiveness to beta-agonists. We conclude that dietary supplementation with NAC or procysteine protects against AICD. In addition, alcohol removal for 1 week restores cilia function independent of PKG and PKA activity. Our findings provide a rationale for the use of antioxidants to prevent damage to airway mucociliary functions in chronic alcohol-drinking individuals.

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Quinuclidine | C7H695N | ChemSpider

19771-63-2, Chemistry is an experimental science, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 19771-63-2, Name is (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid

Pharmacology and structural analysis of ligand binding to the orthosteric site of glutamate-like GluD2 receptors

The GluD2 receptor is a fundamental component of postsynaptic sites in Purkinje neurons, and is required for normal cerebellar function. GluD2 and the closely related GluD1 are classified as members of the ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) superfamily on the basis of sequence similarity, but do not bind L-glutamate. The amino acid neurotransmitter D-Ser is a GluD2 receptor ligand, and endogenous D-Ser signaling through GluD2 has recently been shown to regulate endocytosis of a-amino- 3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type iGluRs during synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum, such as long-term depression. Here, we investigate the pharmacology of the orthosteric binding site in GluD2 by examining the activity of analogs of D-Ser and GluN1 glycine site competitive antagonists at GluD2 receptors containing the lurcher mutation (GluD2LC), which promotes spontaneous channel activation. We identify several compounds that modulate GluD2LC, including a halogenated alanine analog as well as the kynurenic acid analog 7-chloro- 4-oxo-1H-quinoline-2-carboxylic acid (7-chlorokynurenic acid; 7-CKA). By correlating thermodynamic and structural data for 7-CKA binding to the isolated GluD2 ligand binding domain (GluD2-LBD), we find that binding 7-CKA to GluD2-LBD differs from D-Ser by inducing an intermediate cleft closure of the clamshell-shaped LBD. The GluD2 ligands identified here can potentially serve as a starting point for development of GluD2- selective ligands useful as tools in studies of the signaling role of the GluD2 receptor in the brain.

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
Quinuclidine | C7H674N | ChemSpider

One of the major reasons is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time, to discover the sequence of events that occur at the molecular level.7025-19-6, name is 3-(4-Oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)propanoic acid, introduce a new downstream synthesis route. , 7025-19-6

EXAMPLE 18 (4R)-N-(2-Nitrooxypropyl)-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxamide (Compound No. 1-31) A procedure similar to that described in Example 1 was repeated, but using 2.0 g of (4R)-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and 3.0 g of N-(2-nitrooxypropyl)amine nitrate, to obtain 24 mg of the title compound as pale yellow crystals, melting at 70-72 C. (after recrystallization from ethanol).

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Patent; Sankyo Company, Limited; US5298516; (1994); A;,
Thiazolidine – Wikipedia
Thiazolidine – ScienceDirect.com

One of the major reasons is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time, to discover the sequence of events that occur at the molecular level.26364-65-8, name is 2-Cyanoimino-1,3-thiazolidine, introduce a new downstream synthesis route. , 26364-65-8

EXAMPLE 1 (4R)-N-(2-Nitrooxyethyl)-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxamide (Compound No. 1-1) 11.4 ml of triethylamine and 5.3 ml of diethyl cyanophosphonate were added, whilst ice-cooling, to a suspension of 4.0 g of (4R)-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and 4.6 g of N-(2-nitrooxyethyl)amine nitrate in 80 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. At the end of this time, the solvent was removed by distillation under reduced pressure, and the residue was mixed with ethyl acetate. The resulting mixture was then washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, after which it was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was then removed by distillation under reduced pressure, and the residual brown oil thus obtained was purified by column chromatography through silica gel, using ethyl acetate as the eluent. The brown crystals thus obtained were recrystallized from ethyl acetate, to give 1.68 g of the title compound as colorless needles, melting at 130-131 C. (with decomposition). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrum (CDCl3 +hexadeuterated dimethyl sulfoxide) delta ppm:, 19771-63-2

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Patent; Sankyo Company, Limited; US5298516; (1994); A;,
Thiazolidine – Wikipedia
Thiazolidine – ScienceDirect.com